Taiwan has never been part of the People's Republic of China, whose claims over it are false.
The PRC was founded in 1949 by the communists who defeated Chiang Kai Shek with Russian aid and booted him out of 'their' China.
He had previously been the national leader as President of the Republic of China after a unifying campaign to replace the infighting and fragmented regions of local warlords with a sole national party...The Nationalist Party...and defeated the Japanese in their second invasion of China.
He then fought a civil war with the communists, who prevailed with Russian assistance, and went to Formosa where he formed a ruling government there as a continuation of the Republic of China with a view to one day re-taking mainland China from the communists. The island is now called Taiwan.
The island was ruled by Japan as an occupying power for fifty years but when they left in 1945 they did not hand the island to China or to anyone else. They just gave up control, and left.
Four years later Chiang Kai Shek ruled Formosa with a dictatorial government, which was however the forerunner of the present government of Taiwan.
China therefore has no legitimate claim over the island of Taiwan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-… . .
China has more than 1400 missiles programed to hit targets in Taiwan should the island formally declare independance, and the Chinese government passed a law a few years ago making it legal to use them against what it claimed to be Chinese territory.
Passing that law was just part of the Chinese bluff that Taiwan is Chinese territory, since no such law would be required if Taiwan was considered by the Chinese government to be a foreign country.
The USA has had a defence treaty with Taiwan for many years, and supplies weapons and expertise to the Taiwanese military.
If Taiwan declares independance the USA is bound by that treaty to defend the island against an attack from China, and the massive USA military base in Okinawa just north of Taiwan has been maintained with a high level of troops and equipment to keep a high profile presence in the North Pacific and Asian region in general but also partly because of the threat against Taiwan of such an attack.
China has carried out military exercises and rocket tests in and across the Taiwan Straights on several ocasions, in spite of protests, and also close to Japanese territorial waters.
Japan would obviously be involved, since the base at Okinawa is on Japanese territory and Japan would be forced into a defensive, and possibly counter- attacking role if China launches an attack.
Russia is questionable. Although China and Russia are often seen as two of a kind and old buddies, there are constant border skirmishes between the two even now, as in the past fifty years. Each would happily destroy the other given half a chance, a point well covered in the book "Thor's Hammer" in which a comet strike affecting most of the world is used as a cover for massive nuclear attacks by each side on the other. However the dozens of missiles rising from both China and Russia are spotted from a space station which was thought to have been destroyed by the comet and the ruse is discovered.
Russia might join with China in the fight , but equally it might remain neutral which would be difficult or join with the allied forces against China in spite of it's current disagreements with them.
Whichever way Russia goes the scenerio is bad enough, and Taiwan declaring independance may be currently the biggest threat of a WW111 that the world has.
At the moment the way of stability is simply to maintain the status quo.
Taiwan therefore sits on the fence, unable to move towards independance and unwilling to move towards integration with China, although a proportion of the population favours it. Most however, don't.
Few countries recognise it as a nation, often for fear of upsetting China and possible repercussions on trade agreements.
Under that level of duress, the island has developed democratic elections and a free society, although with protests from all parties about corruption in all the others, as in many other countries. The previous leader, Chen Shiu-Bian, was ousted through corruption charges against himself and his wife, and there has been an accusation that those charges were engineered by the Chinese government through allies in Taiwan,especially in the Kuomingtan (KMT party) because Presisident Chen was pro-independance.
Such is the nature of island politics. The Greens accuse the Blues and the Blues accuse the Greens, and Taiwan lives through it.
The KMT has many supporters and many who distrust it because of it's pro-China attitude, and again corruption rears it's ugly head.
There is more good news than bad however.
The island has almost 100% literacy even amongst the dozen or so aboriginal tribes, advanced social and educational systems, a modern infrastructure, and a massive industrial base including the world's largest IT industry.
Taipei 101 was until recently the world's tallest building, and is a technological marvel with very advanced architecture and engineering to keep it stable in a zone where earthquakes and typhoons are a common and serious threat.
A typhoon a few months ago caused extensive damage to the island and cost lives.
Taiwan is rich ecomically, culturally, and in expertise.
Hence China's interest.
Taiwan is a story of great success in fact, and the islanders did it largely for themselves.There has been foreign help but so has there been in many other countries which have not achieved the successes that the Taiwanese people have achieved.
Though I am beyond an age where most military bodies would accept me, I would willingly and proudly stand to fight for Taiwan and all it has achieved.
It is a lesson for all of us, to become so successful, in spite of the criticisms than can be levelled against some of the politics of the island, which however is just the same in almost every other country on Earth, and with the degree of tension and threat that has loomed over it from it's powerful neighbour for many years.
Here is a bit of sweetness and cherry blossom from Alishan Mountain in Taiwan, known for probably the best sunrises in the world.
Notice the sweet bye bye at the end. That is one export from UK that is now known world wide and they are the only English words heard in the video.
Oh,err.....apart from 'dot com', but that's expected these days.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySXafSEaI… . . . . . .